淋巴结阳性 Lymph node positive

 

abemaciclib 联合内分泌治疗治疗高危早期乳腺癌:来自 monarchE 临床试验的最新疗效分析 (1/15/2022)

Adjuvant abemaciclib in combination with endocrine therapy in high-risk early breast cancer: update from monarchE study

报导展示了预先设定的主要结果分析和进一步后续分析的结果。 这项全球性 III 期开放标签试验随机 (1:1) 5,637 名患者(激素受体阳性, HER-2 阴性, 淋巴结阳性, 高危早期乳腺癌患者)接受 ≥ 5 年的辅助 分泌治疗治疗 ± abemaciclib 2 年。队列 1 入组的患者有 ≥ 4 个阳性腋窝淋巴结,或 1-3 个阳性腋窝淋巴结 和 3 级疾病或肿瘤 ≥ 5 cm。队列 2 招募了 1-3 个腋窝淋巴结阳性且中央确定的高 Ki-67 指数 (≥ 20%) 的患者(2023年3月,FDA取消了Ki-67评分要求)。主要终点是意向治疗人群(队列 1 和 2)中的无侵袭性疾病生存。次要终点是高 Ki-67 患者的无侵袭性疾病生存, 远处无复发生存, 总生存期和安全性。

结果:在主要结果分析中,中位随访时间为 19 个月,abemaciclib 联合内分泌治疗 导致发生无侵袭性疾病生存事件的风险降低 29% [风险比 (HR) = 0.71, 95% 置信区间 (CI) 0.58-0.87;标称 P = 0.0009]。在进一步的随访分析中,中位随访时间为 27 个月,90% 的患者停止治疗, 无侵袭性疾病生存 (HR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.59-0.82; 标称 P < 0.0001) 和 远处无复发生存 (HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.57-0.83;名义 P < 0.0001) 效益得以维持。 3 年无侵袭性疾病生存和远处无复发生存率的绝对改善分别为 5.4% 和 4.2%。尽管 Ki-67 指数具有预后意义,但无论 Ki-67 指数如何,abemaciclib 的益处都是一致的。安全性数据与已知的 abemaciclib 风险概况一致。

结论:Abemaciclib 联合内分泌治疗显著改善激素受体阳性, HER-2 阴性, 淋巴结阳性, 高危早期乳腺癌患者的无侵袭性疾病生存,安全性可接受。 Ki-67 指数具有预后意义,但无论 Ki-67 指数如何,都观察到 abemaciclib 的益处。总体而言,abemaciclib 的治疗益处超过了 2 年的治疗期。

The report presents the results of a prespecified primary outcome analysis and additional follow-up analyses. This global phase III open-label trial randomized (1:1) 5,637 patients (hormone receptor-positive, HER-2-negative, node-positive, high-risk early breast cancer) to receive adjuvant endocrine therapy for ≥ 5 years ± abemaciclib for 2 year. Patients enrolled in cohort 1 had ≥ 4 positive axillary lymph nodes, or 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes and grade 3 disease or tumors ≥ 5 cm. Cohort 2 enrolled patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes and centrally determined high Ki-67 index (≥ 20%). The primary endpoint was invasive disease-free survival in the intention-to-treat population (Cohorts 1 and 2). Secondary endpoints were invasive disease-free survival, distant recurrence-free survival, overall survival and safety in patients with high Ki-67.

RESULTS: In the primary outcome analysis, with a median follow-up of 19 months, abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy resulted in a 29% reduction in the risk of invasive disease-free survival events [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.87; nominal P = 0.0009]. In additional follow-up analysis, with a median follow-up of 27 months, 90% of patients discontinued treatment, invasive disease-free survival (HR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.59-0.82; nominal P < 0.0001) and distant relapse-free survival (HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.57-0.83; nominal P < 0.0001) benefit was maintained. The absolute improvements in 3-year invasive disease-free survival and distant recurrence-free survival were 5.4% and 4.2%, respectively. Despite the prognostic significance of the Ki-67 index, the benefit of abemaciclib was consistent regardless of the Ki-67 index. Safety data were consistent with the known risk profile of abemaciclib.

Conclusions: Abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy significantly improved invasive disease-free survival in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER-2-negative, node-positive, high-risk early breast cancer with an acceptable safety profile. The Ki-67 index has prognostic significance, but the benefit of abemaciclib was observed regardless of the Ki-67 index. Overall, the therapeutic benefit of abemaciclib exceeded the 2-year treatment period.

参考文献 Reference
Harbeck H. et al. Ann Onc 2021; 32:1571
 

2/6/2021: 激素受体阳性淋巴结阳性绝经后乳腺癌患者可以避免化疗 Some ER-positive, HER-2-negative and lymph-node-positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients avoid chemotherapy

SWOG S1007 (RxPONDER)试验评估了化疗对激素受体阳性,HER2阴性, 淋巴结阳性的早期乳腺癌的益处。这是首次针对这一特定人群回答这一问题的大型随机试验。

RxPONDER对9个国家/地区的9,383名妇女进行了筛查,最终包括5,015名患有一到三个淋巴结且RS (recurrent score)≤25的II或III期乳腺癌。这些妇女中,三分之二是绝经后的女性,三分之一是绝经前的女性。她们随机分配接受内分泌治疗或内分泌治疗加化疗。通过RS(0-13 vs 14-25),绝经状态,腋窝淋巴结清扫和前哨淋巴结活检对数据进行分层。 主要终点是无侵入性性疾病生存期,定义为局部或远距离复发,任何第二次侵入性癌症或任何原因引起的死亡。

在中位随访5.1年的中,发生了54%的预期事件后,整个人群(RS从0至25)的化疗获益与RS值之间均无关联(P = .30)。但是,一项预先指定的分析发现化疗获益与更年期状态之间存在显著关联(P = .004),在绝经前亚组中,5年绝对收益为5.2%。化疗为绝经前队列的总体生存率带来了1.3%的绝对获益:98.6%vs 97.3%(危险比[HR] = 0.47; P = .032)。绝经后妇女的存活率分别为96.2%和96.1%(HR = 0.96; P = .79)。

这项临床试验数据显示,激素受体阳性,HER2阴性, 1-3个淋巴结阳性, RS ≤25的绝经后乳腺癌患者,可以安全地避免使用化疗。

The SWOG S1007 (RxPONDER) trial evaluated the benefit of chemotherapy for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, and lymph node-positive early breast cancer patients. This is the first large randomized trial to answer this question in this specific population. RxPONDER screened 9,383 women in 9 countries/regions, eventually including 5,015 stage II or III breast cancers with one to three lymph nodes and RS (recurrent score) ≤ 25. Of these women, two thirds are postmenopausal women and one third are premenopausal women. They were randomly assigned to receive either endocrine therapy or endocrine therapy plus chemotherapy. The data were stratified by RS (0-13 vs 14-25), menopausal status, axillary lymph node dissection, and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The primary endpoint is non-invasive disease survival, defined as local or remote recurrence, any second invasive cancer or death from any cause. At a median follow-up of 5.1 years, after 54% of the anticipated events, there was no association between the chemotherapy benefit and the RS value (P = .30) in the entire population (RS from 0 to 25). However, a pre-specified analysis found a significant association between chemotherapy benefit and menopausal status (P = .004). In the premenopausal subgroup, the 5-year absolute benefit was 5.2%. Chemotherapy brought an absolute benefit of 1.3% in overall survival rate among the premenopausal cohort: 98.6% vs 97.3% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.47; P = .032). The survival rates of postmenopausal women were 96.2% and 96.1% (HR = 0.96; P = .79). Data from this clinical trial showed that post-menopausal breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, and 1-3 involved lymph nodes  with RS≤25 can safely avoid chemotherapy.

参考文献 Reference
Kalinsky K et al. 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symp Abstr GS3-00

病例讨论 1 (绝经前雌激素受体阳性HER2阴性淋巴结阳性且有囊外转移)

45岁女性,发现右乳外上方有一硬块约蚕豆大小。经乳房X光和超声检查,高度怀疑恶性。針穿话检证实为中度分化的浸润性导管癌,并有导管原位癌。由外科医师行乳房肿瘤切除术及前哨淋巴结切除术。术后病理報告如下:

1. 中度分化的浸润性导管癌,最大直径为2.5公分。肿瘤离上,下,内和深切缘切缘均大于5毫米,唯外切缘墨染区有肿瘤。

2. 中度分化的导管原位癌,伴有局灶性坏死。

3. 两个前哨淋巴结均有肿瘤浸润,最大的肿瘤转移灶为1.2公分,并有囊外转移。

4. 雌激素受体90%阳性,孕激素受体25%阳性;HER-2受体免疫组化染色1+。

问:请问接下来应如何处理?

答:应行再切除,因为外切缘离肿瘤太近;并作淋巴结清扫。 病人行再切除术后,病理显示所有的切缘均为阴性。腋下淸扫的11个淋巴结中有4个转移。

问:下面应如何办?

答:密集剂量型辅助化疗,化疗前要测心脏射血分数。毎两週一次Adriamycin 和Cyclophosphamide(阿霉素和环磷酰胺),共4次。然后毎週一次Paclitaxel  (紫杉醇),共12次。在每一次化疗后需皮下注射白细胞生长素来维持体内中性白细胞的数量。 化疗结束后,开始放疗。 放疗结束后,开始Tamoxifen (他莫昔芬)。应与患者讨论 lurpon 注射加他莫昔芬或芳香酶抑制剂(Soft 试验:Francis PA et al. N Engl J Med 2018;379:122), 服用到病人50岁 (五年)时,要是病人已绝经,可考虑改为Anastrozole  (阿那曲唑)或Letrozole(来曲唑),目前一般考虑至少5年的疗程。

病例讨论 2 (绝经后雌激素受体阳性HER2阴性淋巴结阳性)

问:61岁教师,淋浴时发现右腋下有一黄豆大小肿块。外科医生检查还发现在10:00方向也有一個可疑肿块,但没有和胸壁粘连。她立即做了乳腺X光摄象和超声,发现右乳有一個1.5公分的肿块,超声显示右腋有0.8公分的可疑淋巴结。活检腋下淋巴结为腺癌,雌激素受体为阳性,HER-2组化为阴性。外科医生建议先行化疗,然后手术。应该如何进行?

答:无论是先手术后全身治疗,还是先化疗后手术,就她的癌症而言, 两者的生存期都相似。要是病人对先化疗不放心,可以找另一位医生咨询。

问:她找了另一位外科医生,他同意先开刀。

答:结果如何?

问:她做了右乳部分切除和右腋淋巴结清扫。病理为分化良好的2.6公分的浸润性小叶癌,切缘阴性。还有小叶原位癌。13個淋巴结中有两個被肿瘤侵犯,最大转移灶为1.1公分,无淋巴结包膜外延伸。雌激素受体为90%阳性,孕激素受体为80%阳性。HER-2组化为阴性。她是否需要化疗?

答:建议用21基因(Oncotype DX)测定乳腺癌标本。

问:读数为14,如何理解其意义?

答:两重意义。第一,预后比读数高的病人好。第二,有数据提示 (见 上 ),一些雌激素受体阳性的乳腺癌患者,要是阳性淋巴结在1-3個,也可以用21基因来帮助判断预后和是否需要化疗。象你所谈到的病例,浸润性小叶癌,分化良好,雌孕激素強阳性,21基因测定的读数低,病人已绝经,可以考虑不用化疗,而仅用抗雌激素受体的内服药,像阿那曲唑或来曲唑。

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