定义:化生(不正常)的柱状上皮取代了食道的复层鳞状上皮。临床上,通常是指在胃镜下看到柱状上皮超越了胃食道的交界处(GEJ,见"术语与缩写")进入到食道内并经活检证实,通常认为发现有肠粘膜化生。 临床的重点是伴有高度异型增生(high grade dysplasia),因为有此病变者的食道癌发病率为5-8%,相比之下,所有巴雷达食道的人群中的食道癌发病率为0.5%。 发病风险因素:男性,年长者,胃食道反流症,肥胖,及食道裂孔疝。 定期胃镜检查:许多报道指出定期胃镜检查可以早期发现肿瘤,延长生存。但不同意见也存在,至今对是否需要定期检查或每隔多久检查尚未有统识。对有慢性胃食道反流者应考虑经常胃镜检查。有人利用生物标志(biomarkers)对异型增生分期和判断癌变风险,但尚属试验阶段。 预防:一般主張质子泵抑制剂(PPI),特别是有胃食道反流者。虽然有不少报道支持阿斯匹林或非类固醇抗炎药用于减少食道癌,但它本身也会带来胃腸道的付作用,它一般用于病人还有心血管疾病。
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